Research Article Open Access Khoda et al., J Pharmacovigilance 2014, 2:3 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6887.1000128 Research Article Open Access Volume 2 • Issue 3 • 1000128 J Pharmacovigilance ISSN: 2329-6887 JP, an open access journal Keywords: Adverse drug events; Antipsychotics; Extra pyramidal side efects; Pharmacovigilance Abbreviations: ADE: Adverse Drug Event; WHO: World Health Organization; IEC: Institutional Ethics Committee Introduction Drugs are used for the well-being of an individual but apart from its efectiveness many side efects are observed. Te Harward Medical Practice Study was one such study which showed that the incidence of iatrogenic injury in hospitals and medicines were the main cause of injury to the patients. In United States approx 98,000 patients per year sufered from medical errors [1]. In Britan, it was seen that more than 10,000 patients per year were dying because of the bad reactions of the drugs [2]. Te side efects seen from Drugs and their use are in general termed as ‘Adverse drug reactions’ (ADRs). World Health Organization (WHO) describes adverse drug reactions as a “Response that is noxious or unintended, and that occurs at doses normally used in humans for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy of a disease, or for the modifcation of physiological function” and an ‘Adverse Drug Event’ (ADE) is defned as “an injury resulting from the use of a drug.” It is well known that 30% of the documented adverse drug reactions are neuropsychiatric and such drugs can cause depression, insomnia, memory impairment, self-harming, aggression, mania and suicidal ideation. Cessation of drug therapy can abort these symptoms, but they trigger them too [3]. Antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for psychotic disorders. Newer atypical antipsychotics and their traditional counter parts are more prone to drug- drug interactions within themselves and other agents used concomitantly in the treatment of various ailments. Most of the frst generation and to a lesser degree second generation antipsychotic agents are associated with adverse drug events like extra pyramidal symptoms (EPS), sedation, anti- cholinergic side efects and various metabolic disorders [4]. Most of the data available on adverse drug events addresses to patients of out setting departments, surgery wards, medicine wards and every few towards psychiatric in-patients; where the patient’s life is on continuous alteration of doses and outcome of which at times is seen as an adverse event. A MEDLINE search using the terms adverse drug reactions, hospital, psychiatry in patients showed a great paucity of literature (1950-december 2009) [5]. Psychiatry patients are on a regimen of more than 3 to 4 drugs in their daily routine; with the increasing number of drugs, increases the chances of drug interactions. In general, drug interactions are known to occur with many agents used commonly in conjunction with many antipsychotics such as anti-cholinergic, anti-convulsants, anti- depressants, anxiolytics and lithium. Most of the data on anti-psychotic interactions has been extracted from case reports. It is quite difcult to derive inferences from available data due to lack of well documented studies [4]. *Corresponding author: Disha A Khoda, Paddm-Kunj Apartments, 4842A/39A, 2nd main 2nd cross, Sadashivnagar, Belgaum, Karnataka, India, Tel: +91- 9916251092; E-mail: dishakhoda@gmail.com Received March 14, 2014; Accepted March 10, 2014; Published March 17, 2014 Citation: Khoda DA, Ganachari MS, Wadhwa T, Walli S, Parihar B, et al. (2014) Clinical Pharmacist Driven Impact towards Intensive Monitoring and Reporting of Adverse Drug Events in Psychiatric Patients. J Pharmacovigilance 2: 128. doi:10.4172/2329- 6887.1000128 Copyright: © 2014 Khoda DA, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Clinical Pharmacist Driven Impact towards Intensive Monitoring and Reporting of Adverse Drug Events in Psychiatric Patients Disha A Khoda 1 *, Madiwalayya S Ganachari 1 , Tarun Wadhwa 2 , Shashikala Walli 1 , Bhupendra Parihar 1 and Atul Aggarwal 1 1 KLE University, Belgaum, Karnataka, India 2 RAK College of Pharamceutical Sciences, UAE Abstract Background: Drugs are used for the well-being of an individual but apart from its effectiveness many adverse effects are observed. Antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for psychotic disorders. Most of the frst generation and to a lesser degree second generation antipsychotic agents are associated with ADEs like extra pyramidal symptoms (EPS), sedation and anti-cholinergic side effects. Method: This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Informed consent was obtained from patients care takers. Patients aged ≥18 years of either gender admitted to psychiatry department were included in the study. Patients on OPD basis, emergency, ICUs and special population were excluded. The main objective of the study was to estimate the incidence of ADEs and evaluate ADEs based on various parameters like demographics, drug class implicated, individual drug implicated, organ system affected, and analysis of ADEs (causality, severity and preventability). Result: A total of 58 patients were enrolled into the study. Out of them, 32 patients experienced 90 ADEs. The incidence rate was found to be 55.17%. Male (65.51%) preponderance was observed over females (34.48%). Benzodiazepine was reported to be one of the major drug class implicated in which Lorazepam accounted for 36.51% ADEs. CNS was one of the most prominent systems affected due to ADEs. Conclusion: The fact goes undenied, psychiatric patients are prone towards adverse events, the only good that could be done to these subjects is try avoiding and minimizing the events. This could be possible only by thorough monitoring of such cases. Our results showed incidence rate of 79.31%. This incidence rate could be minimized by the presence of a clinical Pharmacist for better treatment and creating awareness of the medicines to the patients. Journal of Pharmacovigilance J o u r n a l o f P h a r m a c o v i g i l a n c e ISSN: 2329-6887