E-health System Security Issues and Block chain technology in Kenya By Caroline Boore, carolboore@gmail.com Muranga.Njihia, njihia@uonbi.ac.ke XN Iraki, wniraki@uonbi.ac.ke Vera Obonyo, vera.obonyo@ksg.ac.ke VM Mutiso mutiso@uonbi.ac.ke. Abstract: The adoption of e-health is, amongst other things, seen as potential leverage in responding to problems concerning the healthcare sector globally. Technological advancements have accelerated the deployment of ehealth systems with the potential to enhance productivity, lower costs, reduce medication errors, and ease the manpower strain on the healthcare industry. Faced by a confluence of onerous challenges including escalating healthcare costs, ageing populations and the advance of technology as well as the need to provide effective and efficient healthcare services, developing countries today are turning to ehealth as the silver bullet or panacea. However, despite the significant investments made, to date, many of these e-health solutions have yet to prove their success. Interoperability and security of ehealth systems are cited as some of the challenges in regard to the usage of the systems. By analyzing existing literature using scoping review research approach this paper explored the potential use of blockchain technology in improving the security and interoperability of ehealth systems for the benefit of different stakeholders in the healthcare sector in developing countries such as Kenya. To achieve our main objective, five databases were searched and 184 papers screened for inclusion. As a result of the search and screen process, we identified 23 relevant articles. Keywords: Blockchain, ehealth, Interoperability, Security 1. Introduction In recent years, the proliferation of mobile computing devices has driven a revolutionary change in the computing world, where ICTs have been adopted for purposes of sharing healthcare expertise across the world. In the healthcare sector the implementation of ICT is perceived as the main driving force in the unfolding healthcare reforms in many developed and developing countries [10]. It is perhaps not an overstatement to state that among the most pressing problems confronting nations today such as poverty and climate change, the health and well-being of populations is of central importance and consumes significant national resources [2]. Developing countries including Kenya bear the brunt of the non communicable diseases. These countries are under pressure to offer quality healthcare services in the midst of shortage of skilled healthcare professionals. E-health systems a key component of medical informatics symbolizes potential solutions for enhanced healthcare. E-health is referred to as the cost-effective and secure use of ICT in support of health and health-related fields, including health care services, health surveillance, health literature, and health education, knowledge and research [20]. It consists of ICT applications that boost disease prevention, timely patient diagnosis, and enhanced patient management [2], [10]. Primarily these applications include electronic Medical Records (EMRs), Telemedicine, Health Knowledge Management, Consumer Health Informatics (CHI), M-Health IEEESEM IEEE-SEM, Volume 8, Issue 12, December-2020 ISSN 2320-9151 1 Copyright © 2020 IEEE-SEM Publications