Articles
Lithium Complexes of N-Donor-Functionalized
CyclopentadienylsA Pyrazolate-Based Bimetallic
Version
Jens C. Ro ¨der, Franc Meyer,* and Hans Pritzkow
Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut der Universita ¨ t Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270,
D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Received October 16, 2000
The two new pyrazole-based dinucleating ligands 3,5-bis(fluoren-9-ylmethyl)-1H-pyrazole
(H
3
L
a
) and 3,5-bis(inden-3-ylmethyl)-1H-pyrazole (H
3
L
b
) have been prepared and structurally
characterized in the case of H
3
L
a
, and their lithium complexes Li
3
L
a
and Li
3
L
b
are reported.
These systems can be viewed as coupled dinucleating versions of two widely used Cp
fragments bearing pendant amino or amido side chains, which is confirmed by the crystal
structure of the solvent-separated ion pair [Li
2
L
a
(thf)
4
][Li(thf)
4
]. In solution,
7
Li NMR
spectroscopy indicates the predominant presence of contact ion pairs. The crystal structure
of the partially lithiated compound [Li
2
HL
a
(thf)
5
] is also presented.
Introduction
Complexes of side-chain-functionalized cyclopenta-
dienyl (Cp) ligands (or derivatives thereof such as
indenyl and fluorenyl) have received enormous attention
in the past decade, which is particularly true for Cp
ligands bearing pendant amino or amido side chains.
1-4
The donor substituent tethered to the Cp ligand might
serve an intramolecular function, e.g. acting as a
(possibly hemilabile) chelate donor in generic type A
complexes (Scheme 1). It might also serve an intermo-
lecular function, e.g. by coordinating to a second metal
ion, anchoring to a solid support, or providing solubility.
3
Many of the complexes reported in the literature that
feature linked amino-Cp or amido-Cp ligands are
mononuclear type A compounds, and such systems are
being explored with great success in both main-group
(s- and p-block)
4
and transition-metal chemistry.
1-3
Synthetic applications of type A complexes, such as their
use as catalysts for olefin polymerization,
5
are often
based on the presence of (at least) two active coordina-
tion sites at the single metal center, thus suggesting
an alternative bimetallic approach in which two proxi-
mate metal ions can work in concert.
It is well-known from natural metalloenzymes con-
taining di- or oligonuclear active sites that cooperativity
of two adjacent metal ions might enable very particular
and efficient transformations of small substrate mol-
ecules.
6
To study such cooperative reactivity in small
biomimetic coordination compounds, we have been
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: (0049)-6221-
545707. E-mail: franc.meyer@urz.uni-heidelberg.de.
(1) (a) Okuda, J. Comments Inorg. Chem. 1994, 16, 185. (b) Mu ¨ ller,
C.; Vos, D.; Jutzi, P. J. Organomet. Chem. 2000, 600, 127.
(2) See for example: (a) Fedushkin, I. L.; Dechert, S.; Schumann,
H. Organometallics 2000, 19, 4066. (b) Groux, L. F.; Be ´langer-Garie ´py,
F.; Zargarian, D.; Vollmerhaus, R. Organometallics 2000, 19, 1507.
(c) Segnitz, O.; Winter, M.; Merz, K.; Fischer, R. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem.
2000, 2077. (d) Philippopoulos, A. I.; Donnadieu, B.; Poilblanc, R.;
Hadjiliadis, N. J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 582, 286. (e) Schumann,
H.; Rosenthal, E. C.; Demtschuk, J.; Molander, G. A. Organometallics
1998, 17, 5324. (f) Gomes, P. T.; Green, M. L. H.; Martins, A. M. J.
Organomet. Chem. 1998, 551, 133. (g) Foster, P.; Chien, J. C. W.;
Rausch, M. D. J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 545-546, 35. (h) Ziniuk,
Z.; Goldberg, I.; Kol, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 1997, 545-546, 441. (i)
Sinnema, P.-J.; van der Veen, L.; Spek, A. L.; Veldman, N.; Teuben, J.
H. Organometallics 1997, 16, 4245. (j) Hughes, A. K.; Kingsley, A. J.
J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1997, 4139. (k) Enders, M.; Rudolph, R.;
Pritzkow, H. Chem. Ber. 1996, 129, 459. (l) Herrmann, W. A.;
Morawietz, M. J. A.; Priermeier, T.; Mashima, K. J. Organomet. Chem.
1995, 486, 291.
(3) (a) Siemeling, U.; Jutzi, P. J. Organomet. Chem. 1995, 500, 175.
(b) Jutzi, P.; Redeker, T. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 1998, 663.
(4) Jutzi, P.; Dahlhaus, J. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 137, 179.
(5) See for example: (a) Shapiro, P. J.; Bunel, E.; Schaefer, W. P.;
Bercaw, J. E. Organometallics 1990, 9, 867. (b) McKnight, A. L.;
Waymouth, R. M. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 2587 and references therein.
(c) Emrich, R.; Heinemann, O.; Jolly, P. W.; Kru ¨ ger, C.; Verhovnik, G.
P. J. Organometallics 1997, 16, 1511. (d) Blais, M. S.; Chien, J. C. W.;
Rausch, M. D. Organometallics 1998, 17, 3775. (d) Hultzsch, K. C.;
Spaniol, T. P.; Okuda, J. Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 163. (e) Witte, P.
T.; Meetsma, A.; Hessen, B. Organometallics 1999, 18, 2944.
Scheme 1
811 Organometallics 2001, 20, 811-817
10.1021/om0008878 CCC: $20.00 © 2001 American Chemical Society
Publication on Web 02/03/2001