Open Journal of Anesthesiology, 2020, 10, 349-360 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ojanes ISSN Online: 2164-5558 ISSN Print: 2164-5531 DOI: 10.4236/ojanes.2020.1010031 Oct. 30, 2020 349 Open Journal of Anesthesiology Palonosetron versus Ondansetron as Prophylaxis against Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial Ayman A. Elrashidy 1 , Mohamed Elsherif 2* , Wahiba Elhag 2 , Omar Abdelaziem 3 , Sherif Abdelaziem 4,5 , Reda Sobhi Abdel-Rahman 1 1 Anesthesia Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt 2 Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar 3 Faculty of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar 4 Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt 5 Surgery Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar Abstract Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are prevalent symptoms after laparoscopic surgeries with an incidence rate of (54% - 79%) in bariatric procedures. Despite its popularity, limited studies assessed the ef- fect of antiemetics for PONV prophylaxis after laparoscopic sleeve gastrec- tomy (LSG). The aim of this trail is to compare the effectiveness of a single pre-induction intravenous dose of Palonosetron versus Ondansetron for prophylaxis of PONV, 24 hours after LSG. Subjects and Methods: This prospective randomized controlled double-blind parallel-group study was conducted from May till December 2019. Recruited patients were consented and randomized using a closed envelop method into two groups with fifty pa- tients each. The total number of nausea and vomiting attacks in the 24 hours postoperatively was considered as a primary end point. The secondary end points were the frequency of nausea, retching and vomiting attacks in the 24 hours post-surgery. The severity of nausea was evaluated using a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: This RCT included 100 patients divided into 2 groups of 50 patients each. Patients received either 75 mcg Palonosetron (Group I) or Ondansetron 4 mg (group II). Group I had statistically signifi- cant fewer episodes of nausea, retching and vomiting in the first 4 hours (P = 0.022) and from 4 to 12 hours (P = 0.024) but not after 12 hours post LSG. Total episodes of nausea, retching and vomiting in 24 hours postoperative How to cite this paper: Elrashidy, A.A., Elsherif, M., Elhag, W., Abdelaziem, O., Abdelaziem, S. and Abdel-Rahman, R.S. (2020) Palonosetron versus Ondansetron as Prophylaxis against Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Randomized Con- trolled Trial. Open Journal of Anesthesiol- ogy, 10, 349-360. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojanes.2020.1010031 Received: July 6, 2020 Accepted: October 27, 2020 Published: October 30, 2020 Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access