INCAS BULLETIN, Volume 14, Issue 4/ 2022, pp. 95 – 109 (P) ISSN 2066-8201, (E) ISSN 2247-4528
Simulation of the Behavior of 32-Layer Composite Plate for
Ballistic Protection
George Ghiocel OJOC
1
, Larisa CHIPER TITIRE
1
,
Lorena DELEANU*
,1
, Cristian MUNTENITA
1
, Catalin PIRVU
2
*Corresponding author
1
“Dunarea de Jos” University, Faculty of Engineering,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
111 Domneasca, Galati, Romania,
lorena.deleanu@ugal.ro*
2
INCAS – National Institute for Aerospace Research “Elie Carafoli”,
220 Avenue Iuliu Maniu, Bucharest 061126, Romania,
pirvu.catalin@incas.ro
DOI: 10.13111/2066-8201.2022.14.4.8
Received: 20 September 2022/ Accepted: 27 October 2022/ Published: December 2022
Copyright © 2022. Published by INCAS. This is an “open access” article under the CC BY-NC-ND
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: This paper presents experimental results and a failure analysis of a composite for ballistic
protection. The stratified plate is manufactured at laboratory scale, after a technology designed by the
authors. The plates were tested for level FB2, taking into account the standard SR EN 1522:2004
(Windows, doors, shutters and blinds. Bullet resistance. Requirements and classification) and SR EN
1523:2004 (Windows, doors, shutters and blinds. Bullet resistance. Test method) and the results point
out that this plate could face more dangerous threats. In order to evaluate the behavior of the plate
under the impact characterizing a higher level of threat, the authors uses a FE model and simulated the
system bullet – plate for different impact velocities.
Key Words: ballistic test, FE model, composite.
1. INTRODUCTION
Materials for ballistic protection have a complex behavior under impact load and specific
processes need to be modeled: nonlinear response to stress, hardening under stress and stress
dependence on strain rate, thermal softening, orthotropic response (for composites, especially
those made of fabrics), damage by crushing (when including ceramics, glass, concrete),
processes involving chemical energy release (when dealing with explosions), failure, phase
changes (transition from solid-liquid-gas and vice versa). The modeling of these processes can
be done with the help of three components: the state equation, the material strength model and
the failure model [1], [2], [3], [4].
2. MATERIALS AND PLATE FABRICATION
The fabric, as a prepeg, is layered into four oriented substrates (0°/+45°/90°/-45°), which
assumes that it will have a quasi-isotropic behavior. Trade name is 1200 g/m
2
Quatriaxial Glass
Cloth (0°/+45°/90°/-45°), with the code WTVQX1200-1 E-glass, Q1200E10Q [5]. Figure 1