ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY www.orientjchem.org An International Open Free Access, Peer Reviewed Research Journal ISSN: 0970-020 X CODEN: OJCHEG 2018, Vol. 34, No.(4): Pg. 1817-1823 This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), which permits unrestricted Non Commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Characterization of Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst of Biohydroxyapatite-Lithium and its Application for Converting Malapari Seed Oil (Milletia pinnata L.) to Biodiesel I NENGAH SIMPEN*, I MADE SUTHA NEGARA and NI MADE PUSPAWATI Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Badung-Bali 80361, Indonesia. *Corresponding author E-mail: ngahsimpen@yahoo.com http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/3404015 (Received: July 10, 2018; Accepted: August 01, 2018) ABSTRACT Heterogeneous nanocatalyst of biohydroxyapatite-lithium (HA-Li) has been prepared through modification of HA extracted from bovine bone waste with Li at various calcination temperatures (400-700 o C). Characterizations of the heterogeneous catalysts were including surface acidity- basicity, functional groups, BET surface area, particle size, and surface morphology. Optimization of catalyst ratios (1-7%) with the best characterization was applied for converting Malapari seed oil (Milletia pinnata L.) to biodiesel. The characterization results showed that HA-Li catalyst calcinated at 600 o C had the highest surface basicity and Lewis acid sites revealing specific functional group of O-Li at wavenumber of 1612.49 cm -1 . BET surface area of HA-Li catalyst decreased with increased average particle size. SEM analysis suggested that morfology of catalysts formed stack of agglomerates. The highest yield of biodiesel obtained on a catalyst ratio of 5% was 88.16%. GC-MS analysis showed 10 peaks, and 5 of the peaks exhibiting the highest percentage area were identified as methyl oleic, methyl palmitic, methyl erusic, methyl stearic, and methyl linoleic. Keywords: Biohydroxyapatite-lithium, Nanocatalyst, Malapari seed oil, Biodiesel. INTRODUCTION Research of conversion Malapari seed oil (Milletia pinnata L.) to biodiesel is predominantly using a liquid based homogeneous catalyst (NaOH or KOH). Biodiesel production using homogeneous catalysts has several disadvantages, namely the separation and purification of products are considered to be less environmentally benign and economical 1 and tend to be corrosive when it used on machines 2 . The use of solid base catalysts (heterogeneous catalysts) is selected to overcome the deficiency of the homogeneous catalyst properties. Heterogeneous catalysts have advantages over homogeneous catalysts, such as the production of biodiesel using few units of operation with ease of separation and purification of products 3 as well as non-corrosive, non-toxic, and can be regenerated 4 .