ScienceDirect
IFAC-PapersOnLine 48-3 (2015) 1809–1814
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2405-8963 © 2015, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Peer review under responsibility of International Federation of Automatic Control.
10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.349
© 2015, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Lot-sizing, sequencing, imperfect production, genetic algorithms
1. INTRODUCTION
In this paper we study a lot-sizing and sequencing prob-
lem under uncertainties. The production facility where
appeared this problem is composed of : 1) a manufacturing
line that process items of several types; 2) an automatic
storage device that stocks processed items; 3) an assembly
line assembling final products with stored items. We only
consider the production line which manufacture several
types of items by lots with sequence dependent setup times
between lots. Some items processed at this line appear to
be not in accordance with requirements. Such items are
rejected. The machines are subject to breakdowns that
involve line’s stoppages and engagement of repairs. To
face the downtime caused by breakdowns, some safety
time should be planned and added to the production
scheduling. All items required by the assembly line should
be charged into a storage system before assembly process
starts. Otherwise, final products will not be delivered on
time, and important backlog costs will be engaged. Thus,
the objective of lot-sizing and scheduling is to increase the
probability to have all items necessary for the assembly
process by the due date and thus to avoid penalty costs
and save the money.
The manufacturing line consists of m sequentially placed
machines and is a paced flow line. Every item pass through
all machines in the same fixed order. Defective items are
detected after the last machine and are not placed into
the storage system (they are excluded from the future
process because they cannot be reworked). When changing
the product type, some time (set-up time ) is needed for
setting up the machines. To perform this changeover, all
items of the previous product should be finished and
the production line should be empty. The set-up time is
sequence-dependent, i.e. it depends on both - outgoing
and incoming product. Thus, the sequence of products
to process has an impact on the total processing time,
and can increase or decrease the theoretical safety time
intended for machines repairs.
Decision to take daily is to determine how much items of
each type (lot sizes) should be launched in the morning of
the day D - 1 on the production line to obtain all items
needed for assembly line by the end of the day. Because
of the non quality and breakdowns, some additional items
and safety time should be foreseen.
We assume that the demand level and unitary processing
time are known for each type of product. We consider that
the probability to obtain a good quality item is given and
can be different for each type of product. Each machine are
subject to failures and the Mean Time to Failure (MTTF)
and the Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) are also known.
The original problem with probabilistic models of these
uncertainties (rejects and breakdowns) was proposed in
Dolgui et al. (2005). The objective was to maximize the
probability of overall demand satisfying, i.e. to obtain
the given number of products of all types by the end
of the period (day). A decomposition based approach
consisting of three levels was developed. The first level is a
complete enumeration of n possible solutions. The second
is the sequencing decision, equivalent to the Asymmetric
Travelling Salesman Problem (ATSP). The last one is the
lot-sizing decision, an extension of the Knapsack problem.
Both (2
nd
and 3
rd
levels) are NP-hard. Dolgui et al.
(2005) proposed to use a Dynamic Programming (DP)
procedure to solve the lot-sizing part of the problem. In
contrast, in Schemeleva et al. (2012) a genetic algorithm
was used. Till now only the overall decomposition scheme
*
Laboratoire d’Economie des Transports, CNRS UMR 5593,
University of Lyon 2, Lyon, France (e-mail:
kseniya.schemeleva@let.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr)
**
Ecole Nationale Sup´ erieure des Mines, FAYOL-EMSE, CNRS UMR
6158, LIMOS, Saint-Etienne Cedex, France (e-mail: delorme@emse.fr,
dolgui@emse.fr)
Abstract: A stochastic multi-product lot-sizing and sequencing problem is considered. Two
kinds of uncertainties are integrated into the model: defectives items due to the machines’
imperfections and random lead time because of randomly arising breakdowns and uncertain
repair time. There are also sequence-dependent set-up times between two items of different
types. The optimization problem is to maximize the probability of overall demand satisfying.
In the previous work only the lot-sizing part of the problem was considered (a decomposition
approach was used). Here we study the entire problem with sequencing and lot-sizing decisions
integrated.
A memetic algorithm for a stochastic
lot-sizing and sequencing problem
Kseniya Schemeleva
*
Xavier Delorme
**
Alexandre Dolgui
**