The Text Matrix as a Tool to Increase the Cohesion of
Extensive Texts
José Osvaldo De Sordi
Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas (FMU), rua Iwakumi, 236, Jundiaí, SP 13211-424, Brazil. E-mail:
osdesordi@gmail.com
Manuel Meireles
Faculdade Campo Limpo Paulista (FACCAMP), rua Guatemala, no. 167, Campo Limpo Paulista, SP
13231-230, Brazil. E-mail: profmeireles@uol.com.br
Osvaldo Luiz de Oliveira
Faculdade Campo Limpo Paulista (FACCAMP), rua Guatemala, no. 167, Campo Limpo Paulista, SP
13231-230, Brazil. E-mail: osvaldo@faccamp.br
The significant amount of time needed to prepare
concise and cohesive texts is among the reasons why
extensive texts proliferate in organizations. Extensive
documents are more likely to have low cohesion among
their various sections, which may lead the reader to
perceive the information as being of low quality. This
research addresses this issue by presenting a tool (Text
Matrix) composed of procedures and algorithms coded
in software, with the aim of analyzing cohesion between
the text sections in extensive documents. A design
science research approach was applied to develop, test,
and prove the usefulness of the Text Matrix. A total of
127 academic advisors and advisees were trained to use
the Text Matrix and apply it in the development of the
extensive text of dissertations. An analysis both of those
users’ perceptions and of variations in network density
among 41 extensive texts that they improved through
the analyses performed by the artifact proposed in the
present study demonstrated the ease of operation and
effectiveness of the Text Matrix to identify parts of exten-
sive texts associated with cohesion failures that could
be connected by cohesion devices or even excluded
from the extensive text.
The Challenge of Extensive and Cohesive Texts
If I had more time, I would have written a shorter letter.
This aphorism concerning information quality highlights
the dynamics between the time for the elaboration of a
composition, the scope of its content, and text cohesion. The
original idea is attributed to the French mathematician and
philosopher Blaise Pascal, according to the text found in one
of his letters of 1656: “The present letter is a very long one,
simply because I had no leisure to make it shorter” (Pascal,
2013, p. 240). Contrary to common perceptions, communi-
cating through a long text is faster and easier than transmit-
ting the same content using a concise and cohesive text. The
Portuguese writer, journalist, diplomat, and medical doctor
Julio Dantas expressed his perception of writing with the
following: “What is difficult is not to write too much; it is to
say everything writing a little” (Victoria, 1966, p. 92). Eva
(2010, p. 432) describes one of the difficulties in developing
concise and cohesive texts: “Using fewer words requires that
authors think long and hard about the core messages they
wish to express. Every word must be chosen deliberately,
every thought linked and articulated in a way that conveys
exactly what is meant and nothing more.”
Conciseness is required to make a text more appealing
to readers not only by making it easier to read (Eva, 2010),
but also by preventing difficulties that reduce the quality
of extensive texts, for example, the high likelihood of dis-
connected or even contradictory ideas. In information
science, “concise representation” is present in most tax-
onomies associated with the dimensions of information
quality (Huang, Lee, & Wang, 1999). It is noteworthy to
highlight the existence of various dimensions that aid in
the analysis of quality information and the large diversity
of models proposed for analyzing those dimensions. These
models differ from one another in terms of denomination
and the number of the dimensions of information quality
(Arazy & Kopak, 2011; Stvilia, Gasser, Twidale, & Smith,
2007). In the organizational environment, the lack of
Received January 12, 2014; revised August 11, 2014; accepted September
10, 2014
© 2015 ASIS&T
•
Published online in Wiley Online Library
(wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/asi.23434
JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ••(••):••–••, 2015
V C
2015 ASIS&T Published online 17 March 2015 in Wiley Online
Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/asi.23434
JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 67(4):900–914, 2016