the superior labrum and supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. However, the exact site of tendon origin presents several anatomic variations with more than 50% being from the posterior labrum but with unknown clinical relevance [1] . Normal variations of the anterosuperior labrum must be distinguished from pathologic conditions of the biceps anchor [2] . These mainly include a sublabral foramen, a sublabral foramen with a cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament and an absent anterosuperior labrum with a cord-like middle glenohumeral ligament (Buford complex) [3] (Figure 1). The LHBT is divided in an intra-articular and an extra-articular portion, its normal diameter is about 5-6 mm and the total length approximately 9 cm [4] . However, newer published data show that its length is dependent on the humeral head size [5] . The LHBT exits the glenohumeral joint through the rotator interval and enters into the bicipital groove where it is held in place by the biceps refection pulley or sling proximally and the pectoralis major distally. The biceps pulley consists of fbers of the subscapularis and supraspinatus tendons, the coracohumeral ligament (CHL) and the superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL) [6-8] (Figure 2). The blood supply of the tendon is mainly from branches of the brachial artery from the musculotendinous side and osteotendinous derived vessels from the insertion side. There is a consistent hypovascular area 1.2 to 3 cm from the tendon origin possibly explaining the susceptibility of this area to degenerative lesions [9] . The anterior superficial part of the tendon is better vascularized whereas the lateral, posterior and medial side especially the part of the tendon adjacent to bone appears avascular [10] . In addition a large network of sensory sympathetic fbers innervates mainly the tendon origin and may play a signifcant role in the pathogenesis of shoulder pain [11] . FUNCTION Despite numerous cadaveric biomechanical, EMG, in vivo biomechanical and experimental studies the actual functional role of LHBT remains controversial [4] . Achilleas Boutsiadis, Filon Agathangelidis, Dimitrios Karataglis, Department of Orthopaedics, General Clinic, Blue Cross, Euromedi- ca Thessaloniki, Greece Correspondence to: Dimitrios Karataglis, Department of Or- thopaedics, General Clinic, Blue Cross, Euromedica Thessaloniki, Greece Email: dkarataglis@yahoo.gr Telephone: +302310304442 Received: August 27, 2014 Revised: October 25, 2014 Accepted: October 30, 2014 Published online: December 23, 2014 ABSTRACT The tendon of the long head of the biceps is commonly involved in complex pathology of the glenohumeral joint, producing anterior shoulder pain and dysfunction. The lesions are classifed according to their location and to whether they are combined with a rotator cuff tears or not. In this article we present the anatomy and function of the long head of biceps tendon and through an extensive review of the literature we report on the latest trends in the management of it’s pathology ranging from non-operative to the most novel arthroscopic techniques. © 2014 ACT. All rights reserved. Key words: Biceps tendon; Pathology; Treatment Boutsiadis A, Agathangelidis F, Karataglis D. Current Trends in the Management of Long Head of Biceps Tendon Pathology; Anatomy, Function, Origin and Interval Lesions. International Journal of Orthopaedics 2014; 1(4): 146-154 Available from: URL: http://www. ghrnet.org/index.php/ijo/article/view/835 ANATOMY The tendon of the long head of biceps (LHBT) arises from REVIEW Current Trends in the Management of Long Head of Biceps Tendon Pathology; Anatomy, Function, Origin and Interval Lesions Achilleas Boutsiadis, Filon Agathangelidis, Dimitrios Karataglis 146 Int Journal of Orthopaedics 2014 December 23 1(4): 146-154 ISSN 2311-5106 (Print), ISSN 2313-1462 (Online) Online Submissions: http://www.ghrnet.org/index./ijo/ doi:10.6051/j.issn.2311-5106.2014.01.40 © 2014 ACT. All rights reserved. International Journal of Orthopaedics