RESEARCH ARTICLE
Flexible bodies—Restricted lives: A qualitative exploratory
study of embodiment in living with joint hypermobility
syndrome/Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type
Elisabeth Sætre
1
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Hedda Eik
2
1
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health and
Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway &
Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesodden,
Norway
2
OsloMet, Oslo, Norway
Correspondence
Elisabeth Sætre, Sunnaas Sykehus, Bjørnemyr,
Nesoddtangen, Norway.
Email: esaetr@sunnaas.no
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore embodiment as a meaning‐making
experience in the daily life of Norwegian adults living with joint hypermobility
syndrome/Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type (JHS/EDS‐HT). The work of
Drew Leder and his distinction between bodily dis‐ and dys‐appearance contributes
to the description and analysis of individuals' bodily experiences of living with this
chronic illness.
Methods: An explorative and qualitative design was applied to in‐depth interviews
with seven participants. The theoretical framework was phenomenological, and the
method of analysis was thematic, involving descriptive and interpretative approaches.
Results: Participants' bodily experiences were closely connected to a timeline view-
ing their illness in the past, the present and from future perspectives. The following
central themes emerged from the data: (a) visible to invisible signs of a former body;
(b) standing up and falling down of a present body; and (b) future thoughts of an inner
and outer body.
Conclusions: The study found that living with JHS/EDS‐HT revealed complex
experiences of having flexible bodies and restricted lives. Our findings also showed
a meaning‐making process of embodied experiences that evolved over time, as well
as a sliding transition from social to personal dys‐appearance. In the course of time,
a bodily disruptions in social interactions comes to the fore, with invisible symptoms
such as pain and fatigue. Individual bodily suffering determines the existence of hope
or hopelessness regarding recovery from this condition.
KEYWORDS
embodiment, fatigue, joint hypermobility syndrome, pain, phenomenology
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INTRODUCTION
Hypermobility, which is defined as the ability to move a joint beyond
the normal range of motion, occurs in 10–20% of the Nordic popula-
tion (Remvig & Jensen, 2005) and often occurs in healthy individuals.
When emerging symptoms such as pain and instability cause disability
and influence the individual's everyday life, it is sometimes diagnosed
as joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) (Grahame, 2010). JHS and
Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type (EDS‐HT), are clinical
diagnoses of what are today recognized as equivalent groups of
inherited connective tissue disorders (Tinkle et al., 2017). A new
EDS classification and criteria were proposed in 2017 (Malfait et al.,
2017). At the time of inclusion for the present study, the Villefranche
criteria for EDS‐HT (Beighton, De Paepe, Steinmann, Tsipouras, &
Received: 29 March 2019 Revised: 24 April 2019 Accepted: 26 April 2019
DOI: 10.1002/msc.1407
Musculoskeletal Care. 2019;1–8. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/msc 1