Received: 30 August 2017 Revised: 28 November 2017 Accepted: 29 November 2017
DOI: 10.1002/er.3971
SPECIAL ISSUE PAPER
Effect of encapsulated ice thermal storage system on
cooling cost for a hypermarket
Dogan Erdemir
1
Necdet Altuntop
1,2
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
2
Energy Conversions Research and
Application Center, Erciyes University,
Kayseri 38039, Turkey
Correspondence
Dogan Erdemir, Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Erciyes
University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
Email: erdemir@erciyes.edu.tr
Funding information
Scientific Research Division of Erciyes
University, Grant/Award Number:
FDK-2016-6316
Summary
Hypermarkets have high cooling load, because of high heat gains from envi-
ronment and high people circulation. So the cooling cost of hypermarkets is
generally so high. Cooling cost can be reduced by cold thermal energy storage
systems. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of different ice
thermal storage system (ITES) utilization strategies on cooling cost for a hyper-
market. Hypermarket is located in Ankara, Turkey. Daily peak cooling load of
the hypermarket is 8332 kWh. To decrease to cooling cost, encapsulated ITES
has been integrated to the hypermarket air conditioning system. Ice thermal
storage system utilization strategies have great impact on the economic perfor-
mance of the system. So, in this study, the effect of different ice storage strategies
on the cooling cost was investigated. Results presented in the term of saving
amount and payback period. At the end of study, it was found that the cool-
ing cost decreased with the increasing storage capacity. Also, to increase saving
amount, the stored energy should be used in electricity peak hour as much as
possible. Load leveling and partial storage for peak hours strategies have shown
that how the stored energy is used has as great impact as storage capacity on
the economic performance of ITES, because load leveling and partial storage for
peak hours strategies have performed better performance in the terms of pay-
back period and profit amount at the end of 10 years than ordinary partial storage
strategies at the same storage capacity. The highest profit at the end of 10 years
is 1 450 000 USD and seen in full storage strategy. The lowest profit at the end of
10 years is 185 000 USD and seen in 10% partial storage. Also, while the shortest
payback period is seen in both load leveling and 10% partial storage strategies
with about 1.5 years, the longest payback period is seen in full storage strategy
with about 3.1 years.
KEYWORDS
ice thermal energy storage, ITES, off-peak cooling, peak load shifting
1 INTRODUCTION
Ice thermal storage system (ITES) is a significant issue
to reduce cooling cost in residential buildings. The basic
working principle of ITES is 3 main periods. First, ice
is produced at off-peak hours when electricity is cheaper
(charging period). Then the produced ice is stored in a stor-
age tank (storing period). Finally, the stored ice is used
Int J Energy Res. 2018;1–11. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/er Copyright © 2018 Wiley Publishing Ltd. 1