JDE (Journal of Developing Economies) Vol.7 No.2 (2022): 266-279
JDE (Journal of Developing Economies)
https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JDE/index
DETERMINANTS OF INCOME INEQUALITY VILLAGES AND CITIES IN
INDONESIA
Wike Juniat*
1
Muhammad Latf Abdullah
2
Muhammad Ghafur Wibowo
3
1,2,3
Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
The image of development in Indonesia is getng worse when development
progress is felt by the upper class. The segmentaton of the upper and lower
levels of society is refected in the gap between life in the village and the city.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of income inequality
based on the classifcaton of villages, cites, and between villages and
cites in Indonesia. The data analysis method used is panel data regression
which is an analytcal technique that is observed over a certain period.
The data used is annual secondary data from 2016-2020 in 34 provinces
of Indonesia. Inequality analysis is carried out by calculatng the Gini index
based on household expenditure data. Economic growth, populaton,
human development index, domestc investment, technology development
index, and employment opportunites are independent variables. The
results of this study found that there was a signifcant negatve relatonship
the technology development index and positve relatonship populaton
in city and between village and city areas. Then the variable employment
opportunity have a signifcant negatve relatonship to income inequality in
the village.
Keywords: Income Inequality, Natonal Development, Rural and Urban
Inequality.
JEL: D63; O10; O18.
To cite this document: Juniat, W., Abdullah, M. L., & Wibowo, M. G. (2022). Determinants of Income Inequality Villages and Cites in
Indonesia. JDE (Journal of Developing Economies), 7(2), 266-279.
Introducton
Indonesia as a developing country has a level of inequality that shows stagnaton in
several periods. In the last fve years, it was noted that Indonesia had an inequality level
ranging from 0.38. In 2015, Indonesia had a level of inequality that touched 0.42 (fgure 1).
The Gini index, which once touched the number 0.42, indicates that the level of inequality
in Indonesia is high. In the scope of Southeast Asia and even the world, Indonesia is also a
developing country with the highest level of inequality (World Bank, 2015).
Income inequality between rich and poor groups can be an indicator of the cause of
income inequality in Indonesia (Suryahadi et al., 2012; Verianto et al., 2022). The occurrence
of diferences in income levels between individuals is caused by the quality of the human
development index and diferences in capital control (Yusuf et al., 2014). The increase in
welfare felt by the rich group is inversely proportonal to the welfare of the poor group due
ARTICLE INFO
Received: February 26th, 2022
Revision: May 31st, 2022
Accepted: November 3rd, 2022
Online: December 6th, 2022
*Correspondence:
Wike Juniat
E-mail:
wikejuniat6@gmail.com
JDE (Journal of Developing Economies) p-ISSN: 2541-1012; e-ISSN: 2528-2018
DOI: 10.20473/jde.v7i2.33980
Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Submited for possible open access publicaton under the terms and conditons of the Creatve
Commons Atributon 4.0 internatonal (CC BY) licence