iJournals: International Journal of Software & Hardware Research in Engineering (IJSHRE) ISSN-2347-4890 Volume 11 Issue 3 March 2023 Emad A. Mohammed, Volume 11 Issue 3, pp 1-5, March 2023 Wireless Sensor Network Based Electrical Transformers Monitoring in Small Cities Author: Emad A. Mohammed Computer Techniques Engineering Department, Northern Technical University e.a.mohammed@ntu.edu.iq DOI: 10.26821/IJSHRE.11.3.2023.110301 ABSTRACT Electric power distribution is an important issue in many countries. One of the most effective devices that has an efficient contribution of electrical power distribution is the transformer. Transformer is an electrical device that converting voltage level to another level with power conservation. Most parameters that affect transformer performance are Voltage, current and temperature. In this paper A wireless Sensor Network (WSN) model is presented to monitor these parameters. Arduino mega with XBee and Wi-Fi shields is used to upload sensors reading to monitoring room for transformers performance in a small city. A cluster of 6 transformers is served with one Wi-Fi device to upload readings to control room. KEYWORDS: WSN, Transformers, RSS 1. INTRODUCTION Electrical transformers are main key in electrical power distribution. The main function of transformers is down converting the level of voltage to be suitable for user voltage [1]. In small cities, transformers normally serves a limited number of houses, according to the transformer rating power and houses consumed power [2]. During operation, transformer temperature may be increased due to dissipated power, even there is a cooling oil, but high temperature still a risky environment. Overcurrent is another essential parameter should be monitored to overcome transformer fail. The most load related parameter is voltage drop or voltage rise thus each line voltage should be monitored to protect user home devices [3]. Figure 1 shows most common transformers connection through electrical power distribution system [4]. A WSN consists of multiple nodes which are connected together through wireless link. Each node contains a microcontroller device and sensors that are connected to it[5]. Cluster based WSN could be a single hop or a multi-hop network where each cluster contains several nodes could communicate with each other and send data to a central device known as head of cluster which can directly send the data to main monitoring room or to another cluster head. Figure 2 shows the main architecture of WSN [6]. The main device in each node is the microcontroller. Microcontroller is responsible of taking the Fig 1: Common transformers of electrical power distribution system Fig 2: WSN main architecture