Optical phase response to temperature in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber S ETH MEISELMAN 1 AND G EOFFREY A. C RANCH 2,* 1 C4ISR Division, Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc., a KeyW Company, Herndon, VA 20171, USA 2 Optical Sciences Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA * geoffrey.cranch@nrl.navy.mil Abstract: Analysis of previous measurements of thermal phase sensitivity in hollow core photonic crystal fibers is presented with additional new corroborating measurements, resolving a discrepancy in previously reported results. We extend an existing derivation of thermo-mechanical phase sensitivity in solid- and hollow-core photonic crystal fiber to also include kagome lattice photonic crystal fibers. Measured thermal phase response is shown to agree with theoretical prediction to within a few percent. © 2017 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement OCIS codes: (060.2370) Fiber optics sensors; (060.2400) Fiber properties; (060.5295) Photonic crystal fibers; (120.5050) Phase measurement; (120.6810) Thermal effects. References and links 1. H. Lefévre, “Fundamentals of the interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope,” Optical Review 4, 20–27 (1997). 2. J. A. Bucaro, N. Lagakos, J. H. Cole, and T. G. Giallorenzi, “Fiber optic acoustic transduction,” in Physical Acoustics Vol. XVI: Principles and Methods, W. P. Mason and R. N. Thurston, eds. (Academic, 1982). 3. R. Cregan, B. Mangan, J. Knight, T. Birks, P. Russell, P. Roberts, and D. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidance of light in air,” Science 285, 1537–1539 (1999). 4. S. Blin, H. K. Kim, M. J. F. Digonnet, and G. S. Kino, “Reduced thermal sensitivity of a fiber-optic gyroscope using an air-core photonic-bandgap fiber,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 861–865 (2007). 5. M. Pang and W. Jin, “Detection of acoustic pressure with hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber,” Opt. Express 17, 11088–11097 (2009). 6. G. A. Cranch and G. A. Miller, “Coherent light transmission properties of comercial photonic crystal hollow core optical fiber,” Appl. Opt. 54, F8–F16 (2015). 7. R. Slavik, G. Marra, E. Numkam Fokoua, N. Baddela, N. V. Wheeler, M. Petrovich, F. Poletti, and D. J. Richardson, “Ultralow thermal sensitivity of phase and propagation delay in hollow core optical fibres,” Sci. Rep. 5, 15447 (2015). 8. V. Dangui, H. K. Kim, M. J. F. Digonnet, and G. S. Kino, “Phase sensitivity to temperature of the fundamental mode in air-guiding photonic-bandgap fibers,” Opt. Express 13, 6679–6684 (2005). 9. F. Poletti, N. V. Wheeler, M. N. Petrovich, N. Baddela, E. Numkam Fokoua, J. R. Hayes, D. R. Gray, Z. Li, R. Slavik, and D. J. Richardson, “Towards high-capacity fibre-optic communications at the speed of light in vacuum,” Nature Photonics 7, 279–284 (2013). 10. A. H. Hartog, A. J. Conduit, and D. N. Payne, “Variation of pulse delay with stress and temperature in jacketed and unjacketed optical fibres,” Optical and Quantum Electronics 11, 265–273 (1978). 11. R. Kashyap, S. Hornung, M. H. Reeve, and S. A. Cassidy, “Temperature desensitisation of delay in optical fibres for sensor applications,” Electron. Lett. 19, 1039–1040 (1983). 12. M. Tateda, S. Tanaka, and Y. Sugawara, “Thermal characteristics of phase shift in jacketed optical fibers,” Appl. Opt. 19, 770–773 (1980). 13. N. Lagakos, J. A. Bucaro, and J. Jarzynski, “Termperature-induced optical phase shifts in fibers,” Appl. Opt. 20, 2305–2308 (1981). 14. B. Budiansky, D. C. Drucker, G. S. Kino, and J. R. Rice, “Pressure sensitivity of a clad optical fiber,” Appl. Opt. 18, 4085–4088 (1979). 15. R. Hughes and J. Jarzynski, “Static pressure sensitivity amplification in interferometric fiber-optic hydrophones,” Appl. Opt. 19, 98–107 (1980). 16. S. W. Løvseth, J. T. Kringlebotn, E. Rønnekliev, and K. Bløtekær, “Fiber distributed-feedback lasers used as acoustic sensors in air,” Appl. Opt. 38, 4821–4830 (1999). 17. M. Pang, H. F. Xuan, J. Ju, and W. Jin, “Influence of strain and pressure to the effective refractive index of the fundamental mode of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers,” Opt. Express 18, 14041–14055 (2010). 18. L. J. Gibson and M. F. Ashby, Cellular Solids: Structures and Properties, 2nd ed. (Cambridge University, 1997). 19. B. Kim and R. M. Christensen, “Basic two-dimension core types for sandwich structures,” International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 42, 657–676 (2000). Vol. 25, No. 22 | 30 Oct 2017 | OPTICS EXPRESS 27581 #306715 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.027581 Journal © 2017 Received 7 Sep 2017; revised 3 Oct 2017; accepted 7 Oct 2017; published 24 Oct 2017